Primary sources were either created during the time period being studied or were created at a later date by a participant in the events being studied (as in the case of memoirs). They reflect the individual viewpoint of a participant or observer. Primary sources enable the researcher to get as close as possible to what actually happened during an historical event or time period; some types of primary sources might be historical magazines or newspapers, diaries or journals, old photographs, interviews, letters, and more. A secondary source is a work that interprets or analyzes an historical event or phenomenon. It is generally at least one step removed from the event and is often based on primary sources. Examples include: scholarly or popular books and articles, reference books, and textbooks.
A research guide also exists for American History (https://library.calvin.edu/us-history)
Early American Imprints, Series I. Evans is a full-text collection of virtually every book, pamphlet and broadside published in America from 1639-1800. It is a definitive resource for researching every aspect of 17th- and 18th-century America.
Early American Imprints, Series I. Evans is a full-text collection of virtually every book, pamphlet and broadside published in America from 1639-1800. It is a definitive resource for researching every aspect of 17th- and 18th-century America.
Series I is comprised of a vast range of publications, including advertisements, catalogs, laws, maps, narratives, novels, poems, primers, sermons, songs, speeches and treaties.
Topics covered include agriculture, capital punishment, commerce, education, foreign affairs, French & Indian wars, medicine, military operations, religious thought, revolutionary war, slavery, suffrage, temperance, trials, women, and work.
Early American Imprints, Series II: Shaw-Shoemaker, 1801-1819, is a definitive resource for teaching and researching the Early National Period in American History. This full-text digital collection contains virtually every book, pamphlet and broadside published in America during the first two decades of the 19th century. Subjects covered range from history, literature and culture to politics, government and society.
Early American Imprints, Series II. Shaw-Shoemaker provides a comprehensive set of American books, pamphlets and broadsides published in the first 19 years of the 19th century. It also includes published reports and the works of many European authors reprinted for the American public.
Through this database, students and scholars can research westward expansion, the development of American arts (literature, music, painting, etc.), and the progression of American political thought.
Subjects include the following: 12th Amendment, abolitionism, canals, Embargo Act, Hartford Convention, Lewis & Clark Expedition, Louisiana Purchase, nationalism, Panic of 1819, Tippecanoe, Treaty of Ghent, and the War of 1812.
Contains information about Michigan facts and links to the Michigan Collection including County Guides, Historical Research Collections, Michigan Imprints 1851-1876, Michigan Bibliographies and the Michigan Digital Collections.
Newspaper Source Plus provides a full-text digital collection of the world's major news content. It includes millions of articles from newspapers, newswires and news magazines. In addition, it offers television and radio transcripts and ongoing daily updates from popular news sources. Primary full coverage newspapers are The Washington Post and USA Today.
This database allows users to search the New York Times issues dating 1851 - recent (3-month embargo). Results include the complete paper, cover-to-cover, with full-page and article images in PDF format.
This database allows users to search two collections of the New York Times. The ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The New York Times with Index collection covers 1851-2017. The ProQuest Recent Newspapers: The New York Times covers 2008 - recent (3-month embargo).
Researchers can move beyond key words to search for articles by subject, company, location, person, or creative work. Research outcomes are further enhanced through the addition of abstracts, detailed citation information, as well as topic headings for further exploration. Every issue of includes the complete paper, cover-to-cover, with full-page and article images in PDF format.
A Library of Congress website providing access to information about historic American newspapers and select digitized newspaper pages. This site also includes the Newspaper Title Directory, which lists newspapers published in the United States since 1690, and can help researchers identify what titles exist for a specific place and time and where to access them (which libraries have those titles).
African American Newspapers, Series 1 & 2 (1827-1998), provides online, full-text access to more than 350 newspapers chronicling a century and a half of the African American experience. The collection features papers from more than 35 states, including many rare and historically significant 19th century titles, and is a wonderful resource for primary source material. Titles in Series 1 come from the Wisconsin Historical Society, Kansas State Historical Society and the Library of Congress, while titles in Series 2 come from the American Antiquarian Society, Center for Research Libraries, the Library of Congress, and New York Public Library.
African American Newspapers, Series 1 & 2, covers major developments in African American history including life in the Antebellum South, growth of the Black church, the Jim Crow Era, the Great Migration, the Harlem Renaissance, the Civil Rights movement, and recent (up to 1998) political and economic empowerment, among others. The collection includes not just news stories but editorials, obituaries, advertisements, and illustrations. Each digitized newspaper was originally published either by or for African Americans.
From historic pressings to contemporary periodicals, explore nearly 200 years of Indigenous print journalism from the U.S. and Canada. With newspapers representing a huge variety in publisher, audience and era, discover how events were reported by and for Indigenous communities.
Indigenous Newspapers in North America aims to present a diverse and robust collection of print journalism from Indigenous peoples of the U.S. and Canada over more than 9,000 individual editions from 1828-2016.
Representing a huge variety in style, production and audience, the newspapers include national periodicals as well as local community news and student publications. The 45 unique titles also include bi-lingual and Indigenous-language editions, such as Hawaiian, Cherokee and Navajo languages.
Many titles – such as Ak-Chin O'odham Runner, the Cherokee Phoenix and the Navajo Times – are digitised in large runs of more than 500 issues, enabling researchers to follow reporting on specific events to compare style and presentation over the decades. The bulk of titles were founded in the 1970s, documenting the proliferation of Indigenous journalism that grew out of the occupation of Wounded Knee, meeting the demand for objective reporting from within Indian Country. This collection provides exciting research opportunities into subjects including the self-determination era and American Indian Movement (AIM), education, environmentalism, land rights and cultural representation from an Indigenous perspective.
American Religion: Denominational Newspapers provides access to historical newspapers covering religious news and the role religion played in American life and society between 1799 and 1900. It provides invaluable denominational insight, as well as news and opinions on critical social issues such as slavery, women’s suffrage, the Temperance movement, civil rights, Native American relocation, and local government corruption. Newspapers are considered primary source material.
Contains links to Michigan Newspaper finding aids for news or obituaries by City and County, a list of newspaper holdings on microfilm, newspaper family histories and other newspaper resources.